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PORPHYRIA FACTS:
INTOXIFICATION PORPHYRIA
TOXIC ACQUIRED PORPHYRIA
TOXIC PORPHYRIA
Intoxication Porphyria can be caused by a variety of toxic substances; probably
most of the recognized cases have been caused by ingestion of lead.
Heavy metals, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, and drugs can suppress
enzymes involved in porphyrinogen metabolism, leading to the accumulation of
intermediates.
Enzymes known to be suppressible by toxic substances include aminolevulinic
acid dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen
decarboxylase, and ferrochelatase.
Other porphyrinogen-related enzymes probably can be suppressed, also.
Usually, intoxication porphyria results in increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin,
increased urinary excretion of ALA and of porphobilinogen, and increased fecal
excretion of protoporphyrin.
In addition, increased urinary excretion of porphyrinogens and porphyrins can
occur.
Coproporphyrinuria has been observed in many cases of intoxication with
industrial chemicals and waste by-products.
Also, intoxication porphyria can mimic porphyria cutanea tarda in terms of both
clinical signs and increased urinary excretion of uroporphyrin and
heptacarboxylporphyrin; this form of intoxication porphyria occurs when the toxin
interferes with the production of or function of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.
SOURCE:
NORD
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Toxic Acquired Porphyria is another name for Intodicication Porphyria which
can be caused by a variety of toxic substances.
SOURCE:
Porphyria Resources
United Medical Services
1996
+++++++++++
Toxic porphyria results from exposure to chemicals that appear to directly inhibit
enzymes of heme synthesis.
The clinical manifestations are indistinguishable from those of PCT.
SOURCE:
Hepatic Porphyrias
D. Montgomery Bissell et al
Disease of the Liver
Sixth Edition
J.B. Lippincott Co.
p. 1085
+++++++++++
Toxic porphyria (TP) results from exposure to chemicals that appear to directly
inhibit enzymes of heme synthesis.
The clinical manifestations are indistinguishable from those of PCT.
SOURCE:
Hepatic Porphyrias
D. Montgomery Bissell et al
Disease of the Liver
Sixth Edition
J.B. Lippincott Co.
p. 1085
+++++++++
Intoxification Porphyria is an "acquired" form of porphyria.
SOURCE:
Sonya Jensen FNP
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
Coproporphyrinuria may occur in cholestasis, and poisoning with heavy metals
(eg lead, mercury) or certain chemicals (eg hexachlorbenzene).
SOURCE:
Australia Porphyria Pathology Laboratory
TAP is most often triggered by excessive use of alcohol.
SOURCE:
Sonya Jensen FNP
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
M ajor triggers of IP are chemical toxin exposures such as pesticides,
fungicides, PBCs, dioxins, formaldehyde, acrilymides etc.
SOURCE:
Sonya Jensen FNP
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
Enzymes known to be suppressible by toxic substances in IP include
aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase,
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and ferrochelatase.
SOURCE:
Porphyria Resources
United Medical Services
1996
+++++++++++
Some porphyrics have been triggered by"Round Up".
These secondary triggers are the chief triggers of what is termed "Toxic
Acquired Porphyria" (TAP)and these include many of our Vietnam
and Gulf War veterans who were exposed to chemical agents such as Agent
Orange.
However in the 1994 Scientific American "The Porphyrias" it states that "it is
figured that close to 75% of IP is due to excessive ingestion of ethanol."
SOURCE:
Sonya Jensen FNP
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
Environmental exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds
has caused acquired toxic porphyric disorders that have been termed "epidemic
porphyria" when observed among large fractions of exposed populations.
SOURCE:
The porphyrias
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease
Kappas, A. et. al.
Chapter 52, pp. 1305-66,
1991.
+++++++++++++
In some circles of porphyria specialists, they liken the IP to the acquired PCT
which usually carries the trigger of alcohol and the associated Hep C.
Even without the cirrhosis which is very high among acquired PCT, the PN
causing numbing and tingling is about 90% of these acquired forms of
porphyrias.
SOURCE:
Sonya Jensen FNP
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
Intoxication Porphyria can be caused by a variety of toxic substances.
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
The evaluation for a diagnosis of Intoxification Porphyria requires blood, urine
and stool studies for porphyrin metabolism.
These studies can elucidate the reason for very difficult symptom complexes in
the chronically ill patient."
SOURCE:
Stephen B. Edelson, M.D.
The Edelson Center for Environmental
and Preventive Medicine
3833 Roswell Road, Suite 110
Atlanta, GA 30342
+++++++++++++
Most Intoxification Porphyria (IP) recognized cases have been caused by
ingestion of lead.
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Lead exposure accounts for the cause of most Intodication Porphyria cases.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++
Heavy metals, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, and drugs can suppress
enzymes involved in porphyrinogen metabolism, leading to the accumulation
of intermediates causes most of the cases of Intoxification Porphyria. (IP).
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Enzymes known to be suppressible by toxic substances include
aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase,
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and ferrochelatase.
These occur in Intoficiation Porphyria (IP).
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Other porphyrinogen-related enzymes probably can be suppressed, also.
Usually, intoxication porphyria (IP) results in increased erythrocyte
protoporphyrin, increased urinary excretion of ALA and of porphobilinogen,
and increased fecal excretion of protoporphyrin. In addition, increased urinary
excretion of porphyrinogens and porphyrins can occur.
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Coproporphyrinuria has been observed in many cases of intoxication (IP) with
industrial chemicals and waste by-products.
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Intoxication porphyria can mimic porphyria cutanea tarda in terms of both
clinical signs and increased urinary excretion of uroporphyrin and
heptacarboxylporphyrin; this form of intoxication porphyria occurs when the
toxin interferes with the production of or function of uroporphyrinogen
decarboxylase.
SOURCE:
Ryan Wellman PA
Environmental Medicine
++++++++++++
Coproporphyrinuria has been observed in many cases of Intoxication Porphyria
(IP) with industrial chemicals and waste by-products.
SOURCE:
Porphyria Resources
United Medical Services
1996
++++++++++++
PP is not IP or TAP.
PPis a cutaneous disorder characterized biochemically by excess PROTO in
erythrocytes, plasma, and feces."
SOURCE:
Hepatic Porphyrias
D. Montgomery Bissell et al
Disease of the Liver
Sixth Edition
J.B. Lippincott Co.
p. 1085
+++++++++++
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