|
PORPHYRIA FACTS: NUTRITION - DIETARY MAGNESIUM
What is magnesium?
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Magnesium sulphate is considered to be among the first lines of defence against
porphyirc seizures.
SOURCE:
"Porphyria: reexamination of psychiatric implications.
"Burgoyne, K., R. Swartz, et al.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomedicine
64(3-4): 121-30. 1995
++++++++++++++
Magnesium sulfate is beneficial as a treatment in acute treatment for status
epilepticus in porphyria.
SOURCE:
The Porphyrias
Bonkovsky, H. L. and G. F. Barnard
Current therapy.
H. F. Conn. Philadelphia,,
Saunders: 35 v.
2000
+++++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency has been documented in the acute porphyrias and is
considered to be, along with hyponatremia, the primary cause of porphyric
seizures.
SOURCE:
"Porphyria: reexamination of psychiatric implications.
"Burgoyne, K., R. Swartz, et al.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomedicine
64(3-4): 121-30. 1995
++++++++++++++
In porphyria patients with ongoing seizures and severe autonomic instability,
an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate in the ICU is effective.
SOURCE
Messmer P. et. al.
South Africa Porphyria Center
++++++++++++++
High doses of magnesium sulfate appear beneficial as acute treatment
status epilepticus in porphyria.
SOURCE:
Neurologic manifestations of acute porphyria
Bonkowsky, H. L. and W. Schady
Seminars in Liver Disease
2(2): 108-24. 1982.
+++++++++++++
The anticonvulsant of choice in treating the acute, uncontrolled generalized
seizures of AIP is magnesium sulfate.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
+++++++++++++
AIP poses some very special problems in finding an anticonvulsant
that does not also increase delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity
and/or cause some other exacerbation of clinical symptoms in AIP.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
++++++++++++
Is magnesium needed in metabolism?
In metabolic functions magnesium is most important.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium levels are decreased by excess ethanol, salt, phosphoric acid
(sodas) and coffee intake, by profuse sweating, by intense, prolonged stress, by
excessive menstruation and vaginal flux, by diuretics and other drugs and by
certain parasites (pinworms).
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium sulfate depresses CNS, possibly through inhibition of acetylcholine
release by motor nerve impulses.
Blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission.
Used for acute seizure control in porphyria patients.
SOURCE:
Reginald Perkins PhD
Pharmacology & Toxicology
++++++++++++++++++
Magnesium helps to enable the functioning of various enzymes.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++
Mg is by far the least abundant serum electrolyte, it is extremely important for
the metabolism of Ca, K, P, Zn, Cu, Fe, Na, Pb, Cd, HCl, acetylcholine, and
nitric oxide (NO).
Magnesium is also very important for many enzymes, for the intracellular
homeostasis and for activation of thiamine and therefore, for a very wide gamut
of crucial body functions.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of protein.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++
In studies regarding the use of magnesium sulphate in the treatment of seizures
in acute porphyria a 16-year-old girl with acute intermittent porphyria who had
abdominal pain, generalized tonic-clonic and simple partial seizures, and
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Because most antiepileptic drugs are contraindicated in porphyria, she was
treated with magnesium sulfate i.v.
Soon after starting treatment, seizures stopped, returned, and then again
responded in several trials with discontinuation and reinstitution of i.v.
magnesium sulfate.
The experience encourages the use of magnesium sulfate for treatment of
seizures in patients with porphyria.
SOURCE:
Treatment of porphyric convulsions with magnesium sulfate."
Sadeh, M., I. Blatt, et al.
Epilepsia
32(5): 712-5. 1991
+++++++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency has been linked with the pathogenesis and treatment of
migraine headaches.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium plays a role in the production and transport of energy within the
human body.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++
When there is a magnesium deficiency, there may be irritability, muscle
weakness, muscle spasms, confusion, "brain fog", fatigue, anxiety and/or
excitability, and insomnia or restlessness.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++
There is evidence of magnesium deficiency as a cause of migraines.
SOURCE:
Magnesium deificiency
Mauskop, A. (1999).
Cephalalgia 19(9): 766-7.
+++++++++++++
If magnesium deficiency is severe, there can be delirium, numbness, tingling,
muscle cramping, and hallucinations.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Should one take magnesium in addition to calcium?
If you take high doses of calcium you need to take magnesium supplements
because calcium depletes magnesium in the body.
SOURCE:
Jean Carper
Might Magnesium
Eat Smart
USA Weekend
(4) 8-30-2002
+++++++++++++++
Protracted deficits of magnesium in humans and animals result in neurological
disturbances, including hyperexcitability, convulsions and various psychiatric
symptoms ranging from apathy to psychosis, some of which can be reversed
with magnesium supplementation.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
++++++++++++
Increased magnesium intake does not pose a problem of toxic symptoms
because the body eliminates excess amounts.
Magnesium excess almost always occurs only when magnesium is
supplemented as a medication.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Magnesium absorption and elimination depend on a very large number of
variables, at least one of which often goes awry, leading to a Mg deficiency that
can present with many signs and symptoms.
Magnesium absorption requires plenty of Mg in the diet, Se,
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamins B6 and D.
Furthermore, Mg is hindered by excess fat.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium is an essential cofactor for many enzymatic reactions, especially
those involved in energy metabolism such as the porphyrias.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
+++++++++++++
Medical research has shown that various medications or low blood levels of
calcium may be associated with magnesium deficiency.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Although the role of magnesium in neuronal function is not completely
understood, a lowering of CSF or brain magnesium can induce epileptiform
activity and there is an association between decreased CSF magnesium and the
development of seizures.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
++++++++++++
In the acute uncontrolled seizures of AIP specifically, magnesium offers a
number of distinct advantages over all the other anticonvulsants.
First of all, the agent can be administered parenterally (intravenously or
intramuscularly) and can easily be titrated either on the basis of serum
magnesium determinations (therapeutic range is probably 2.5 to 7.5 mEq per
liter) or the neurologic examination of the patient, since the disappearance of
the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of magnesium
intoxication (plasma levels greater than 10 mEq per liter).4
So long as the patient is carefully monitored for toxicity, there are very few
undesirable side effects, although any toxicity can be rapidly antagonized by
the intravenous administration of calcium.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
++++++++++++
What are the sources of magnesium?
Most dietary magnesium comes from vegetables.
Also good sources of magnesium are fruits, whole grains and soy products.
However, it is important to remember that porphyria patients are to avoid the
ingestion of soy products.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++++++
Bean curd is a high source of magnesium as well as providing carbohydrates
necessary forporphyria patients.
SOURCE:
Andrea Geisel RD
+++++++++++++++
The range of pathologies associated with Magnesium deficiency is staggering\.
Magnesium deficiency is associated with hypertension cardiovascular disease,
kidney and liver damage.
It can contribute to migraine, multiple sclerosis, and glaucoma.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Grains are especially good for porphyria patients to consume as they are rich
in carbohydrate and provide fiber intake as well as provide magnesium.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++++++
The importance of magnesium in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches is
clearly established by a large number of clinical and experimental studies.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++++
Does Vitamin D affect magnesium absorption?
Vitamin D is needed for absorption of magnesium.
Magnesium is needed for proper B6 function.
B6 is needed for a healthy heme pathway.
SOURCE:
Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter.
Lansdowne, A. T., et. al.
Department of Psychology
The University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW, Australia
Psychopharmacology
1998 Feb;135(4):319-323.
++++++++++++++++++++
What is the biochemical action of magnesium sulphate on the CNS?
Magnesium sulfate has a depressant effect both in the central nervous system
and at the peripheral neuromuscular junctions, on the basis of a
magnesium-mediated decrease in the amount of transmitter substance released
into the synapse.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
++++++++++++++++++++
What are the food that are high in Magnesium?
Green leafy vegetables, bean curd, seeds, puklses, and nuts.
Do not rely too heavily on dairy foods.
SOURCE:
Vitamins and Minerals:
Healthy Diet & Safe Supplementation
Denise Mortimore
Element
2001
++++++++++++++++++++
Does low intake of magneisum have any bearing on migraines?
Half of migraine sufferers have low magnesium.
Upping magnesium has reduced the duration, intensity and frequency of
migraines."
SOURCE:
EatSmart
Jean Carper
USA Weekend
(4) 8-30-02
++++++++++++++++++
Can there be magnesium deficiency?
Research findings show that migraine patients have a magnesium deficit, which,
while not constant, is a frequent occurrence.
SOURCE:
Migraine treatment by oral magnesium
Thomas, J., E. Tomb, et al. (1994).
Magnes Res 7(2): 123-7.
+++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency is rare, except when there is malabsorption or loss of
minerals through excessive vomiting and diarrhea.
Vomiting and diarrhea are both associated with acute porphyria attacks.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++++++
The precise role of various effects of low magnesium levels in the
development of migraines remains to be discovered.
Magnesium concentration has an effect on serotonin receptors, nitric oxide
synthesis and release, NMDA receptors, and a variety of other migraine related
receptors and neurotransmitters.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++++
Can magnesium deficiency present in acute porphyria
Deficits of magnesium are prevalent due to inadequate intake or malabsorption
and due to the renal loss of magnesium that occurs in certain disease states
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in
animals and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
++++++++++++++++++
High-dose oral magnesium appears to be effective in migraine prophylaxis.
SOURCE:
Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium
Peikert, A., C. Wilimzig, et al. (1996).
Cephalalgia 16(4): 257-63.
+++++++++++++
What does a deficiency in magnesium due to the CNS?
Magnesium deficiency produces epileptiform activity in the CNS.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
+++++++++++++++++++++
Clinical data suggests that up to 50% of patients during an acute migraine
attack have lowered levels of ionized magnesium.
Infusion of magnesium results in a rapid and sustained relief of
an acute migraine in such patients.
Two double-blind studies suggest that chronic oral magnesium supplementation
may also reduce the frequency of
migraine headaches.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++++
Oral magnesium supplementation can be recommended to a majority of migraine
sufferers.
Refractory patients can sometimes benefit from intravenous
infusions of magnesium sulfate.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
++++++++++++++
Does magnesium help in PN pain?
Many people needlessly suffer pain because they do not get enough
magnesium.
SOURCE:
Jean Carper
Might Magnesium
Eat Smart
USA Weekend
(4) 8-30-2002
++++++++++++++
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
The role of magnesium in human nutrition is important in that Magnesium is key
to several metabolic functions.
Magnesium is essential in the manufacture of energy in the body and the
mobility of energy.
SOURCE:
Sheryl Wilson MNS, RD
Nutrition
++++++++++++++
Magnesium is also key in muscle function. It is necessary for the contraction
and relaxation of muscles.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
Another important function of Magnesium is involved in the protein synthesis.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
Magnesium has a special role in the functioning of certain enzymes in the body.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
The majority of dietary magnesium comes from vegetables.
Vegetables containg the most Magnesium are the dark-green, leafy vegetables
such as spinach ot chard.
SOURCE:
Sheryl Wilson MNS, RD
Nutrition
++++++++++++++
While porphyria patients are to avoid soy products, soy products contain
Magnesium.
Almonds, Brazil nuts, and Cashews contain a high amount of Magnesium.
SOURCE:
Sheryl Wilson MNS, RD
Nutrition
++++++++++++++
Magnesium toxicity is rare. Excess Magnesium is normally naturally eliminated
from the body.
On the otherhand, Magnesium deficiency is rare.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
The signs and symptoms of persons with a deficiency of Magnesium include
tiredness, anxiety, excitability, and muscle weakness.
Confusion, insomnia, irritability, and inability to concentrate often occur. If
severe defiency occurs there can be delerium presenting.
SOURCE:
Dr. Kenneth Carlson
Neuropsychiatric
+++++++++++
Deficiency of magnesium does occur in alcoholism, but in porphyria patients it
is mainly due to malabsorption.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
Certain medications or low blood levels of calcium may be associated with
magnesium deficiency.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson MD
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++
What is magnesium?
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Magnesium sulphate is considered to be among the first lines of defence against
porphyirc seizures.
SOURCE:
"Porphyria: reexamination of psychiatric implications.
"Burgoyne, K., R. Swartz, et al.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomedicine
64(3-4): 121-30. 1995
++++++++++++++
Magnesium sulfate is beneficial as a treatment in acute treatment for status
epilepticus in porphyria.
SOURCE:
The Porphyrias
Bonkovsky, H. L. and G. F. Barnard
Current therapy.
H. F. Conn. Philadelphia,,
Saunders: 35 v.
2000
+++++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency has been documented in the acute porphyrias and is
considered to be, along with hyponatremia, the primary cause of porphyric
seizures.
SOURCE:
"Porphyria: reexamination of psychiatric implications.
"Burgoyne, K., R. Swartz, et al.
Psychotherapy and Psychosomedicine
64(3-4): 121-30. 1995
++++++++++++++
In porphyria patients with ongoing seizures and severe autonomic instability,
an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate in the ICU is effective.
SOURCE
Messmer P. et. al.
South Africa Porphyria Center
++++++++++++++
High doses of magnesium sulfate appear beneficial as acute treatment
status epilepticus in porphyria.
SOURCE:
Neurologic manifestations of acute porphyria
Bonkowsky, H. L. and W. Schady
Seminars in Liver Disease
2(2): 108-24. 1982.
+++++++++++++
The anticonvulsant of choice in treating the acute, uncontrolled generalized
seizures of AIP is magnesium sulfate.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
+++++++++++++
AIP poses some very special problems in finding an anticonvulsant
that does not also increase delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity
and/or cause some other exacerbation of clinical symptoms in AIP.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
++++++++++++
Is magnesium needed in metabolism?
In metabolic functions magnesium is most important.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium levels are decreased by excess ethanol, salt, phosphoric acid
(sodas) and coffee intake, by profuse sweating, by intense, prolonged stress, by
excessive menstruation and vaginal flux, by diuretics and other drugs and by
certain parasites (pinworms).
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium sulfate depresses CNS, possibly through inhibition of acetylcholine
release by motor nerve impulses.
Blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission.
Used for acute seizure control in porphyria patients.
SOURCE:
Reginald Perkins PhD
Pharmacology & Toxicology
++++++++++++++++++
Magnesium helps to enable the functioning of various enzymes.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++
Mg is by far the least abundant serum electrolyte, it is extremely important for
the metabolism of Ca, K, P, Zn, Cu, Fe, Na, Pb, Cd, HCl, acetylcholine, and
nitric oxide (NO).
Magnesium is also very important for many enzymes, for the intracellular
homeostasis and for activation of thiamine and therefore, for a very wide gamut
of crucial body functions.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of protein.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++++
In studies regarding the use of magnesium sulphate in the treatment of seizures
in acute porphyria a 16-year-old girl with acute intermittent porphyria who had
abdominal pain, generalized tonic-clonic and simple partial seizures, and
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Because most antiepileptic drugs are contraindicated in porphyria, she was
treated with magnesium sulfate i.v.
Soon after starting treatment, seizures stopped, returned, and then again
responded in several trials with discontinuation and reinstitution of i.v.
magnesium sulfate.
The experience encourages the use of magnesium sulfate for treatment of
seizures in patients with porphyria.
SOURCE:
Treatment of porphyric convulsions with magnesium sulfate."
Sadeh, M., I. Blatt, et al.
Epilepsia
32(5): 712-5. 1991
+++++++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency has been linked with the pathogenesis and treatment of
migraine headaches.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium plays a role in the production and transport of energy within the
human body.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++
When there is a magnesium deficiency, there may be irritability, muscle
weakness, muscle spasms, confusion, "brain fog", fatigue, anxiety and/or
excitability, and insomnia or restlessness.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
+++++++++++
There is evidence of magnesium deficiency as a cause of migraines.
SOURCE:
Magnesium deificiency
Mauskop, A. (1999).
Cephalalgia 19(9): 766-7.
+++++++++++++
If magnesium deficiency is severe, there can be delirium, numbness, tingling,
muscle cramping, and hallucinations.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Should one take magnesium in addition to calcium?
If you take high doses of calcium you need to take magnesium supplements
because calcium depletes magnesium in the body.
SOURCE:
Jean Carper
Might Magnesium
Eat Smart
USA Weekend
(4) 8-30-2002
+++++++++++++++
Protracted deficits of magnesium in humans and animals result in neurological
disturbances, including hyperexcitability, convulsions and various psychiatric
symptoms ranging from apathy to psychosis, some of which can be reversed
with magnesium supplementation.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
++++++++++++
Increased magnesium intake does not pose a problem of toxic symptoms
because the body eliminates excess amounts.
Magnesium excess almost always occurs only when magnesium is
supplemented as a medication.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Magnesium absorption and elimination depend on a very large number of
variables, at least one of which often goes awry, leading to a Mg deficiency that
can present with many signs and symptoms.
Magnesium absorption requires plenty of Mg in the diet, Se,
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamins B6 and D.
Furthermore, Mg is hindered by excess fat.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Magnesium is an essential cofactor for many enzymatic reactions, especially
those involved in energy metabolism such as the porphyrias.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
+++++++++++++
Medical research has shown that various medications or low blood levels of
calcium may be associated with magnesium deficiency.
SOURCE:
Donna R. Cooper, M.D. M.P.H.
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA.
++++++++++++++
Although the role of magnesium in neuronal function is not completely
understood, a lowering of CSF or brain magnesium can induce epileptiform
activity and there is an association between decreased CSF magnesium and the
development of seizures.
SOURCE:
"Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals
and humans: neurological symptoms."
Morris, M. E.
Magnesium Research
5(4): 303-13.1992.
++++++++++++
In the acute uncontrolled seizures of AIP specifically, magnesium offers a
number of distinct advantages over all the other anticonvulsants.
First of all, the agent can be administered parenterally (intravenously or
intramuscularly) and can easily be titrated either on the basis of serum
magnesium determinations (therapeutic range is probably 2.5 to 7.5 mEq per
liter) or the neurologic examination of the patient, since the disappearance of
the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of magnesium
intoxication (plasma levels greater than 10 mEq per liter).4
So long as the patient is carefully monitored for toxicity, there are very few
undesirable side effects, although any toxicity can be rapidly antagonized by
the intravenous administration of calcium.
SOURCE:
Magnesium sulfate for AIP seizures.
Taylor, R. L.
Neurology
31(10): 1371-2. 1981
++++++++++++
What are the sources of magnesium?
Most dietary magnesium comes from vegetables.
Also good sources of magnesium are fruits, whole grains and soy products.
However, it is important to remember that porphyria patients are to avoid the
ingestion of soy products.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
++++++++++++++++
Bean curd is a high source of magnesium as well as providing carbohydrates
necessary forporphyria patients.
SOURCE:
Andrea Geisel RD
+++++++++++++++
The range of pathologies associated with Magnesium deficiency is staggering\.
Magnesium deficiency is associated with hypertension cardiovascular disease,
kidney and liver damage.
It can contribute to migraine, multiple sclerosis, and glaucoma.
SOURCE:
The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium
deficiency."
Johnson, S.
2001 Med Hypotheses
56(2): 163-70.
+++++++++++++
Grains are especially good for porphyria patients to consume as they are rich
in carbohydrate and provide fiber intake as well as provide magnesium.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++++++
The importance of magnesium in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches is
clearly established by a large number of clinical and experimental studies.
SOURCE:
The role of magnesium
Mauskop, A. and B. M. Altura (1998).
Clin Neurosci 5(1): 24-7.
+++++++++++++++
Magnesium deficiency is rare, except when there is malabsorption or loss of
minerals through excessive vomiting and diarrhea.
Vomiting and diarrhea are both associated with acute porphyria attacks.
SOURCE:
Robert Johnson M.D.
Internal Medicine
+++++++++++++++++
|
